Since 2012 until 31 January 2020, the total number of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection cases reported globally to WHO is 2519 with 866 associated deaths.

The case had visited his relatives’ home in Shenzhen city, Guangdong Province, during the incubation period, where backyard poultry was kept. However, he did not have direct contact with poultry or consume undercooked poultry.

On 22 January 2020, the laboratory, the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), notified the Ministry of Health of a second positive case of yellow fever in Buliisa with connection to the index case and with similar occupation.

Two other confirmed cases of yellow fever were identified in Moyo district in West Nile region.

On 23 January 2020 the Minister of Health of the Government of Uganda declared an outbreak of Yellow Fever.

The investigation team collected and sent eight blood samples from family members and neighbours for laboratory testing for yellow fever. One sample confirmed to have yellow fever while the other samples were negative.

Cases in Moyo district: The two cases were males aged 18 and 21 years who were dealing in cutting and trading timber between Uganda and South Sudan. The two men fell ill on 3 January 2020 and were admitted at Logoba Health Center in Moyo District. They were later referred to Moyo General Hospital with symptoms of fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue, headache, abdominal and joint pains, confusion and unexplained bleeding. They deteriorated and died in Moyo General Hospital on the 5 and 6 of January 2020. Results from UVRI confirmed Yellow Fever infection.

Subsequently, Moyo notified a second cluster of suspect and confirmed yellow fever infection in a different village. The confirmed case was a 59-year-old man who presented with symptoms including unexplained bleeding and fever on 22 January and died on the 23 January 2020. A blood sample collected from him tested positive for yellow fever by yellow fever Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test. His death was preceded by the death of two of his family members both died in early January with similar symptoms.

From 1 January 2019 to 2 February 2020, a total of 5,392 suspected cases including 82 deaths were reported. The distribution of cases by age group is 72% for those under 5 years old and 18% for 5 to 10 years old. Among the suspected cases 180 cases were confirmed IgM + for measles after analyzes at the reference laboratory of the Institut Pasteur in Bangui.

As of 8 February 2020, the Epidemiological Surveillance Units (ESUs) throughout the country as a result of event-based surveillance have reported a total of 267 PUIs for COVID-19 monitoring and testing. Of this there have been 3 confirmed cases, 86 have tested negative and 178 have pending results.

Second Case: 44-year-old male travel companion of the 1^st case  who developed fever on 18 January 2020 and was admitted to San Lazaro hospital in Manila on 25 January after experiencing fever, cough and sore throat. Over the course of the patient’s admission, he developed severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 and other viral and bacterial infections (S. pneumoniae and Influenza B). In his last few days, the patient was stable and showed signs of improvement, however, the condition of the patient deteriorated in the last 24 hours before his death on 1 February 2020.

Third Case: 60-year-old female who was a patient under investigation (PUI). The patient arrived in Cebu City, Philippines, from Wuhan, China, via Hong Kong SAR, China, on 20 January 2020, and traveled to Bohol, Philippines, thereafter. On January 22, the patient consulted a private hospital in Bohol after experiencing fever and coryza. A sample taken from the patient 24 January and tested at the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory in Australia and the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM). Results from said tests came back negative on 29 and 30 January 2020, and upon recovery of the patient, she was discharged and allowed to return to China via Cebu 31 January 2020. However, on 3 February, the Department of Health was notified by RITM that a sample taken on 23 January had tested positive for COVID-19 making this patient the third confirmed case in the Philippines.

The rapid spread within China and the exportation of cases to several countries demonstrates the potential for international spread.  Exported COVID-19 cases are expected to occur, particularly given the degree of international travel from China. Human to human transmission has been described, thus further spread of the disease cannot be excluded.

It is important to remind populations and health workers of the basic principles to reduce the general risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections.  WHO does not recommend any specific health measures for travellers

2020-02-11

Nigeria

Infectious

Lassa Fever

Public Health Risk

2020-02-11

Public Health Risk

·          

·          Case 2: The second case confirmed in India was a 23-years-old male reported on 1 February 2020 from Alappuzha, Kerala. He had travelled from Wuhan back to India in the same flight as the case number 1.

·          

·          Case 3: On 3 February 2020 the third 2019-nCoV confirmed case was reported from Kasargod, Kerala. He is a 23-year-old male who travelled from Wuhan to India on 25 January 2020.

·         The rapid spread within China and the exportation of cases to several countries demonstrates the potential for international spread.  Additional cases of 2019-nCoV infection imported by travellers are reported by other countries. Exported 2019-nCoV cases are expected to occur, particularly given the degree of international travel to and from China. Human to human transmission has been described, thus further spread of the disease cannot be excluded.

·         It is important to remind populations and health workers of the basic principles to reduce the general risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections.  WHO does not recommend any specific health measures for travellers

·          

2020-02-10

Nepal

Infectious

Coronavirus Infection (2019-nCoV)

Public Health Risk

As per patient statement, he had developed non-productive cough since 3 January 2020. He visited the Sukraraj Infectious and Tropical Disease Hospital (STIDH) at Kathmandu on 13 January 2020, to seek medical attention since his cough had not improved and he was also having malaise. Given his travel history, he was admitted for observation in the isolation unit of the hospital. No signs were detected during the physical examination although the patient developed a mild fever the night of admission and complained of mild difficulty in breathing when febrile. On 13 January 2020, the laboratory results for Influenza virus tested negative at the National Influenza Center (NIC), the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL). The chest x-ray did not reveal any abnormality and routine blood test parameters were normal except for a suggestion of lymphopenia. The patient was started on antipyretics and antibiotics. Tests for dengue, brucellosis and scrub typhus were negative; Acid- Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear was negative, urine microscopy and Liver function tests (LFT) parameters were within normal limits and blood culture did not show any growth. The case developed intermittent fever during the second and third days of admission and the maximum temperature recorded was 102°F.  Chest X-ray was repeated, and the findings were inconclusive. As the patient showed clinical improvement, he was discharged on 17 January 2020 after he remained afebrile for 24 hours.

Further testing of throat/oropharyngeal swab and serum samples of the patient (both collected on 13 January 2020) was facilitated by WHO at School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong at Hong Kong.

On 23 January 2020, samples were tested by two RT-PCR assays (N for screening and ORF1b for confirmation; Hong Kong University protocol).  The respiratory sample was positive in both assays, whereas the serum sample was not. The respiratory sample was positive in the repeated test and declared positive for 2019-nCoV and subsequently reported through appropriate channels. The Hong Kong University laboratory was  in the process of getting partial sequences for acquiring additional information from this sample. The case is currently in stable condition with no clinical symptoms and preliminary inquiries revealed that he has been living temporarily with his brother, his sister and her family (including her husband and daughter) and his mother in Kathmandu. No family member has developed any symptoms to date. According to the case, he has neither visited any health care facilities, nor the seafood market at Wuhan during the incubation period. He did not have any exposure to wild animals or poultry or contacted any patients with symptoms of pneumonia or respiratory tract infections. Nevertheless, he had visited a supermarket near his university dormitory to buy groceries and watch a movie in the same complex on 31 December 2010 – the last time he was out in the public sphere before departing to the Wuhan airport on 9 January 2020.

The rapid spread within China and the exportation of cases to several countries demonstrates the potential for international spread.  Additional cases of 2019-nCoV infection imported by travellers are reported by other countries. Exported 2019-nCoV cases are expected to occur, particularly given the degree of international travel to and from China. Human to human transmission has been described, thus further spread of the disease cannot be excluded.

It is important to remind populations and health workers of the basic principles to reduce the general risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections.  WHO does not recommend any specific health measures for travellers